Compare and Contrast Poems by John Donne and Michael Drayton Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast Poems by John Donne and Michael Drayton Essay The poem, To his coy mistress is very much Carpe Diem but the poet Andrew Marvell who wrote it was influenced by both Metaphysical and Classical types of poetry, the way in the beginning of the poem he seems to talk about things in a very slow way, walking, time slowing down to try to woe the women in a much quicker, the poem also shows a lot of Petrachan influences as when Andrew Marvell says Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze and Thy beauty shall no more be found. The poem is very much more in use of words that show the women in which the poem is talking about as being a goddess as I said earlier; this seems to play a large part in the poem. poem which is also very Carpe Diem is, to the virgins, to make much of time, this poem uses irregular (starvea) stress and unstressed words, but does have a regular amount of feet throughout the poem. The poem The Flea is very different to the other two before, it is a metaphysical poem which is much more interesting, it uses a much more dialectic view of wooing a women. It uses the fact that as a flea has bitten both the poet and the women of whom he is in love with, that it means that there are three lives all together in one and that him and his love almost more than maryed are. The structure of the poem uses the end of each paragraph as a conclusion for what it has just been stating. The poem uses imagery as it describes the two lovers together in the Flea with its dark walls of Jet referring to the colour jet black as there is no light in the Flea. At the end of the poem it shows that the women is wanting to kill the flea and he is comparing himself to the flea and saying that the flea is innocent because all it has done is take a tiny prick of blood from her and is it really worth the fleas life. The poet is using the idea of persuasion on the women by using the flea as an example. When it comes to the conclusion of the last paragraph it shows the poets persuasion again for that by the women killing the flea it has taken a small bit of life away rom her as it bit her and took some of her blood. The poet is much more different to the previous poets also as his persuasion has much more of a point to it, and uses a more intelligent argument against the women. The next poem was Song. To Celia, this is a classical poem which emphasises carpe diem is interesting. The poem is not in a common dialectic structure, it does have a felling that the poem is mainly based on the, fast, quick, instant love at the start of the poem. The poem involves a very large part at the end of an affair scene where Ben Johnson writes Of a few household spies? Or his easier ears beguile, this is speaking about the servants of the house in which the women which the man is involved with stays at, that they will only have to trick the servants from seeing them together. The structure of the poem is done using rhyming couplets and a trochaic tetrameter, the poem can be related to, to his Coy Mistress as it is also Carpe Diem. The poem, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love; this poem is a very stereotypical one as it portrays an idealised view of the country, it shows a much pastured view of the countryside. The poem is trochaic and it keeps a steady a,a,b,b pattern. The poet obviously did not have any view of the country and was probably a city person. The poem speaks about him and his love being whisked away into the countryside to live there in peace, with beds of roses for his love. The view of country is very much like a place that would be very hard to find in life; it is a much idealised view. The poem Sonnet is a very strange one; it does not have a set pattern for its rhythm and is very staggered. It involves the poet explaining all the different ways in which he loves the women in speaking. It uses classical influences with the poem having no persuasive felling to it. The poet uses Petrachan factors as the poet says about he loves all the aspects of the women, her breath, loving her freely, and purely.

Introduction of foreign pathogens into Australia :: essays research papers fc

Introduction of foreign pathogens into Australia It is widely known that the poor health experienced by many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders relates from complex reasons originating from their history after European settlement. Two centuries of introduced disease, combined with today’s lifestyle diseases and impoverished socioeconomic and environmental conditions, have had devastating, and all too often fatal, effects on Indigenous health. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population suffered from introduced disease that often turned out to be fatal because of lack of immunity to introduced pathogens. In 1788, Indigenous Australians were totally healthier than most Europeans of that time, whether it was socially, emotionally or physically. But when the Europeans came, their diseases killed many of the Aborigines without even lifting a hand. There were an estimated 5000 Aborigines living in Tasmania when the British first arrived in 1803. Living in small groups, they had survived for millennia in the island's extreme wilderness, hunting kangaroos and gathering shellfish along the coast. By the end of the 19th century they had been all but wiped out, in what has long been regarded as one of the darkest periods in Australia's history which many thinks was caused by introduced pathogens by Europeans. People have said that introduced disease was used as an international weapon of extermination especially in the case of the Australian Aborigines. The Aborigines were so affected by the introduced pathogens because their immune systems had never encountered that kind of disease before so they had not developed any immunity at all and so succumbed to disease very easily. The first major smallpox epidemic among Aborigines was in April 1789, fifteen months after first settlement. The second was in 1829-31, its origin never determined. Many people have suggested and even written books about it that smallpox and other various killer diseases were deliberately introduced by the First Fleet to the Aborigines to kill them off easily. Diseases introduced by convicts and settlers - smallpox, typhoid, tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, influenza, pneumonia, measles and venereal disease - seriously depleted Aboriginal numbers. There was a massive population loss in central Australia - particularly in the region of what is now Alice Springs - between 1860 and 1895. Introduction of foreign pathogens into Australia :: essays research papers fc Introduction of foreign pathogens into Australia It is widely known that the poor health experienced by many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders relates from complex reasons originating from their history after European settlement. Two centuries of introduced disease, combined with today’s lifestyle diseases and impoverished socioeconomic and environmental conditions, have had devastating, and all too often fatal, effects on Indigenous health. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population suffered from introduced disease that often turned out to be fatal because of lack of immunity to introduced pathogens. In 1788, Indigenous Australians were totally healthier than most Europeans of that time, whether it was socially, emotionally or physically. But when the Europeans came, their diseases killed many of the Aborigines without even lifting a hand. There were an estimated 5000 Aborigines living in Tasmania when the British first arrived in 1803. Living in small groups, they had survived for millennia in the island's extreme wilderness, hunting kangaroos and gathering shellfish along the coast. By the end of the 19th century they had been all but wiped out, in what has long been regarded as one of the darkest periods in Australia's history which many thinks was caused by introduced pathogens by Europeans. People have said that introduced disease was used as an international weapon of extermination especially in the case of the Australian Aborigines. The Aborigines were so affected by the introduced pathogens because their immune systems had never encountered that kind of disease before so they had not developed any immunity at all and so succumbed to disease very easily. The first major smallpox epidemic among Aborigines was in April 1789, fifteen months after first settlement. The second was in 1829-31, its origin never determined. Many people have suggested and even written books about it that smallpox and other various killer diseases were deliberately introduced by the First Fleet to the Aborigines to kill them off easily. Diseases introduced by convicts and settlers - smallpox, typhoid, tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, influenza, pneumonia, measles and venereal disease - seriously depleted Aboriginal numbers. There was a massive population loss in central Australia - particularly in the region of what is now Alice Springs - between 1860 and 1895.

A Personal Story

In my essay I am going to share a personal story with you that will tell you how I had to face hardships in order to pursue my studies. It’s all basically related to my education.So my story starts off from the time when I was studying at school. I was an above average student in the junior classes but once I started getting promoted to higher classes, my grades were affected and they started declining.Things worsened for me when I reached the tenth grade. I was in my O-levels at that time and so I had to leave school as my family was also facing a financial crisis.Once I left school, I appeared for my O-levels exams as a private candidate and after completing my O-levels, I joined a local school as an English teacher.Teaching English was not my only subject, I was also assigned to teach some of the other English subjects such as General Knowledge, Geography, History, etc. along with mathematics to the students of grade two, three and four. Although I was not much satisfied wi th the compensation I was getting but it was indeed a good start as I did not have any previous experience of teaching before and even my qualifications were not much as I had just done my O-levels at that time.Side by side, I started preparing to sit for A-levels examinations for which I choose three subjects. However, teaching was a hard job but along with teaching I decided to prepare for my exams but mostly due to lack of time I could not study.Other than that, as it was my first experience of working anywhere, I had to learn a lot as to how to respond or react to certain situations as I am a kind of person who very frequently gets angry at things and gets irritated by any small thing but at work, I had to control my impatience.This was the time when I started taking things in a different way. Although I was still impatient and fussy about things but I had to accept things that I was being told by my seniors to do. Therefore, I learnt to be patient and how to respond to things. In the world outside it’s usually that you always cannot say the things in a way that you really feel. However, one has to be very much careful due to the persisting politics in an organization and same was for the school I was working at.Moreover, working here made me learn new things that were proved to be helpful for my career and for my future. During this time, I became fussy about some things and I did plan to resign but my resignation never used to be accepted as the principal wanted me to continue working for her. Months passed and the date of my A-levels examinations came nearer and nearer that created a tension for me.As I mentioned above, I am not a brilliant student who could understand the concepts just by reading the books once. Therefore, to prepare for my examinations, I talked to my employer and asked him for an early off every day so that I could go home early and I could study. There were just three months left for my examinations when I started studying fo r my examinations and that too along with the work load of the place I was working at.Finally, the date of my examination came and I appeared for my A-levels examinations. The result was supposed to be announced a couple of months later. Meanwhile, I was still working at the school and during that time I also started preparing for my entrance test for my bachelors degree that was to be held a month after my A-levels examinations.Therefore, I gave my entrance test and was glad to know that I had cleared it. A few days later, I had my interview at my university and I cleared that as well. This was the time when I finally resigned and left the job as my university was to start within a month. I worked at the school for more or less a year.Meanwhile, I prepared for my university that started soon. I used all my savings to pay my university tuition fee and in the end I was left with nothing. Therefore, to cope up with my financial expenses, I decided to give home tuitions to the students .These students basically used to be from primary level classes and the basic subjects that I used to give tuitions for were English and Mathematics. I kept on giving tuitions to different students throughout as I was supposed to pay my university tuition fees as still my family was facing a financial crisis. Therefore, to continue my studies, I had to continue giving tuitions to the students.At university, I was enjoying my life although studies at this level got a little tougher and I had to study hard in order to achieve good grades in the courses I appeared for. Besides the academics, I took part in the extra circular activities at my university such as in sports, declamation contests, drama, etc. and this was the fun part of the time I used to spend at the university besides the stress of the studies.

Technical Fundamental And Empirical Analyses Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2768 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In this research paper, we are going to describe fundamental, technical and empirical analyses. In order to predict high return and to receive a reward for the risk taken, financial investors and traders use different analysis and models. It is very important which position do investors/traders take toward these analyses. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Technical Fundamental And Empirical Analyses Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Moreover, by deciding which analyses they will use while investing, it directly and indirectly affects their investments and returns. Every investor investing in financial market in any asset would seek and hope that it will generate income or that the asset will appreciate in the future. In the economic sense, the investment is called the purchase of a good which is not consumed today but will be used in the future to create prosperity, however, in finance, an investment is a financial asset which is bought with the thought that the specific asset will generate income in the future or will gain value in order to be sold at a higher price. However, predicting the future value of an asset is not easy. This is the main reason why investors and many researchers have developed many strategies and models so the predictions of their investments are more accurate. There have been huge discussions which analyses are more accurate in predicting the future value of an asset. For this paper we are going to briefly elaborate Technical, Fundamental and Empirical Analyses. Each of these Analyses has its own weight toward the prediction of the future value. Technical Analysts strongly believe that past performance of an asset in markets are good indications of future performance. Fundamental Analysts do evaluation of a security by examining related economic, financial and different qualitative and quantitative factors. Empirical Analyses, in our case Capital Asset Pricing Model and Fama and French Model, are models which are developed to predict the future value of a security by taking into account the risk and premium. This paper is constructed as follows: Section I describes technical analyses, fundamental analysis are described in the Section II, Section III deals with Empirical Analyses, Section IV is Theory Comparisons and finally in Section V conclusion and recommendations. Literature review Technical Analysis In attempting to explain the technical analysis the best description is found in Investopedia.com (2009) where technical analysis are described as a technique of evaluating securities by analyzing statistics which are generated by market activity, such as earlier period prices and quantity. Technical analysis do not attempt to measure a securitys intrinsic value, but rather use charts and different tools to identify model that can recommend future activity. Moreover, technical analysts strongly believe that the past performance of stocks and markets are a hint of expected performance of a stock or market. W.LO et al (2000) define technical analysis, which are also known as charting as a practice that has been used for many decades; however, the discipline itself has not been given the same level of academic examination and acceptance as fundamental analysis did. Furthermore, numerous academic researchers recommend that even though its terminology and methods used, technical anal ysis may be a very good tool for giving useful information from market prices. Westerhoff, F. (2006) argues that volume gives an important confirmation of price action; increasing volume points out a strong trend, whereas decreasing in volume points out a weakening trend. Fyfe et al (1999) cite different studies which show that opposite to the Efficient Market Hypothesis, the volume traded and price of volatility are large, which both show important autocorrelation. According to Jagric et al (2005) Efficient Market Hypothesis is an investment theory which affirms that it is impossible to beat the market since stock market prices always incorporate and reveal all important information. Furthermore, this means that a stock will always trade at their reasonable value, which makes impossible for any investor to either buy at a lower value, or sell at a higher price. From the word technical analysis, we have also the word technical analysts. According to Yonatan Rom CEO of the Winn ing Edge, technical analysis has three key advantages. The first advantage of technical analysis is that can be modified to any trading medium or time horizon. The second one is that, technical traders can alter their investment horizon to whatever they want because they get daily, weekly, monthly or intraday charts. The very last advantage of technical analysis is that investors can look at any market at a time, instead of a narrow range of investment as other analysts do, which takes too much time. Yet, technical analysis remains an important tool of trade for professional traders. In a survey conducted with traders in the foreign exchange market, Taylor and Allen (1992) found that 90% of respondents reported to use technical analysis. There are many reasons and it is very common for large investments firms to hire technical analysts even though they use fundamental analysis. Finally and very importantly, many researches propose that it is very likely to make excess returns by using technical analysis and technical trading. Fyfe et al (1999b) have been investigating stock index trading by using two tests trading strategies, moving average and trading range break. After this investigation, they have found that these strategies generate significant returns which cannot be explained by any other standard, other than technical analysis. Fundamental Analysis According to Investopedia.com (2009a), fundamental analyses are a method of evaluating a security that demand to measure its intrinsic value by observing related economic, financial and other qualitative and quantitative factors. Fundamental analysis tries to study every factor that can affect the securitys value, counting for macroeconomic factors (overall economy and industry situation). The term fundamental analysis itself is used mostly in the context of stocks; however, it is possible to perform fundamental analysis of any security, from a bond to any other derivative, (Elleuch and Trabelsi, 2009). As long as any analyst looks at the basics of economic fundamentals, he or she is doing fundamental analysis, (Elleuch and Trabelsi, 2009a). When analyzing companys profile, fundamental analysis attempt to look at specific factors such as financial situation and management of the company. Barchlev and Ramu (1993) describe fundamental analyses as analyses which aim is to find out the value of a company by carefully examining key values such as earnings, growth, risk, and competition. Moreover, Moube and Jannach (2003) found out that the theory find out which theory of fundamental analysis are most important indicators and factors for asset managers. Essentially, for every asset manager that was questioned, the very first factors that they look at the financial statement of the company are such as equity, sales, future earnings, debt to equity, equity ratio and all the other financial aspects of a company. From these analyses, fundamental analysts try to predict the companys future performance. Shostak (1997) raises an important point in defending fundamental analysis in contrary to efficient market theory, which states that the market price of any security always fully reflects public available information. According to Abad and Laffarga (2004) fundamental analysis can be understood in two specific ways. The first way is that fundamental analysis is pr edictive, which means examining information from financial statements and produce prediction of market value. On the other hand, the second way is that fundamental analysis is normative, which is again inspecting financial fundamentals of a stock or company, which will enable to calculate the market value under some carefully circumstances and optimal market valuation. In other words, the main goal of fundamental analysis is to have a value where investors can compare it with the current price, with the aim to figure out what position to take with a specific security. Bistrovaa and Lace (2009), state that the majority of institutional portfolio managers use fundamental analysis when making a buy list in order to create a portfolio. On the other hand, the applicability and significance of fundamental analysis when investing in markets is of uncertain value. Furthermore, a very high number of investors have many reasons which make them hesitant whether to use or not fundamental ana lysis because it is a waste of time and money on analyzing companies. Empirical Analyses The word empirical analysis itself explains that these are analyses which are based on empirical results and actually supports the hypothesis. There are numerous empirical models and empirical analysis which deal with securities, however, in this paper we will explain the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Fama and French Model. Capital Asset Pricing Model The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) gives the prediction of the relationship that an investor should observe between the risk asset and its expected returns, (Bodie et al, 2009). The Capital Asset Pricing Model is no more than an economic model which serves to value stocks, securities, and other assets by doing analysis in the relationship between risk and rates of return, Bruner et al (2008). According to Brigham and Daves (2004), the CAPM is only valid as a model if it is within a special set of theories and it should be based on the following assumptions: All investors focus on a single holding period, and they seek to maximize the expected utility of their terminal wealth by choosing among alternative portfolios on the basis of each portfolios return and standard deviation. All investors can borrow or lend an unlimited amount at a given risk-free rate of interest and there are no restrictions on short sales of an asset. All investors have identical estimates of the expected returns, variances and covariance among all assets meaning that investors have homogeneous expectations. All assets are perfectly divisible and perfectly liquid meaning that they are marketable at the going price. There are not transaction costs. There are no taxes. All investors are price takers. This means that all investors assume that their own buying and selling activity will not affect stock prices. The quantities of all assets are given and fixed Very few of these assumptions are entrenched in the real world. Even though these statements are neither applicable nor met, yet Capital Asset Pricing Model is the most used model when investing and trying to determine the risk and return of an asset or security. The CAPM formula is as follows: Where: Ra is the return on asset Rf is the risk free rate Ba is the beta of the security Rm is the expected market return The formula for CAPM assumes that the rate on return on an individual security should be equal to its cost capital. Sharpe (1970) starts to develop CAPM model and states his idea that individual investment has two kinds of risk: Systematic risk where there are risks in the market that cannot be diversified away such as interest rates, recessions and wars. Unsystematic risk which are also known as specific risk which is associated to individual stocks and can be diversified away because the investor increases the number of stocks in his portfolio. According to researchers, the CAPM model is far away from a perfect model, however, it is very much recommended. Moreover, financial analyst can use the model in combination with fundamental techniques which can be useful in estimating the cost of equity capital (Mullins, 1991). CAPM can be easy understood and implemented by individuals or companys investors. Even though, CAPM comes out as a very precise model, it subsequently can be a subject to potential large errors (Brigham and Daves, 2004a). Fama and French Model: According to Investopedia.com (2009b), Fama and French model is an expansion of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) where there is value factor added in addition to market risk factor which CAPM predicts. Furthermore, this model considers the fact that value and small cap stock outperform markets on regular basis and by including two additional factors, the model adjust for the outperformance tendency, which is a better tool for evaluating manager performance. In the book of Bodies et al (2009) Fama and French model is described as additional factors which are empirically motivated by the observations, that historical average returns on stock of small firms and on stocks with high ratios of book equity to market equity are higher than predicted by the market line of the CAPM, (Bodies et al 2009a). A very interesting point is that in Fama and French there is a high return as a reward of taking on high risk. The empirical results shows that, the Fama and French three factors model embrace for most of stock exchange markets, because it takes into account time-varying betas, (Bundoo, 2008). Theory Comparison In this paper, we examined three methods of analysis; Technical Analysis, Fundamental Analysis and Empirical Analysis (Capital Asset Pricing Model and Fama and French Model). Firstly, we will start by comparing technical analysis with fundamental analysis and at the end empirical analysis with both of these two analyses. Technical vs fundamental analysis; it is a very old question, which is repeating from time to time by many traders, however, still remains unanswered, (Talati, 2002). According to the author, the merits of fundamental and technical analysis have been disagreed, disputed and a debate for many years, simply to answer which method fits best to the traders. Oberlechner (2001), states that it is the main question in all financial markets how market participants or traders forecast future market development, and participants are often classified into two categories of forecasting approach, fundamental and technical/chartists. In the fundamentals, Im looking at supp ly and demand around the world. Im looking country-by-country and seeing how the (United States) fits into that, what it means for U.S.trade, what it means for prices, says David Bell, president of Bell Fundamental Futures, (Talati, 2002a). On the other side, a strict technician and president of Clarke Capital Managements, states with technical analysis, its all mechanical, (Talati, 2002b). Once we build a model on the computer and we like it, our job is simply to execute it. There is no room for subjectivity. From the above sections where technical analysis and fundamental analysis were described in details and from the above statements, we can state that, technical analysts support their investment, or more accurately, their trades, only on the price and volume movements of securities. Technical analysts use charts and many other tools in order to trade on momentum, and not thinking about fundamental analysis. However, fundamentalist dispute that it is only one way to foreca st the future performance of a company and that is to carefully analyzing its financial statements. Moreover, fundamentalists neglect short term fluctuations because of the long term appreciation. Using fundamental analysis or technical analysis it is a matter of how a trader takes a position toward a security, even though; it is possible to use both methods in combination to forecast future returns. In contrary to both methods, supporters of Efficient Market Hypothesis usually disagree with both fundamental and technical analysts. Efficient Market Hypothesis states that it is impossible to beat the market in favor of returns through either using fundamental or technical analysis. In addition to fundamental and technical analyses, empirical analyses, more specifically CAPM and Fama and French Model are models developed to predict future returns. Capital Asset Pricing Model is an economic model which serves in valuing stocks, securities or any other asset by analyzing the relat ionship between risk and rates of return. The basic idea of CAPM is that when investing, the investor should be compensated in time value of money and risk. If the future expected value does not equal of strike the necessary return, then the investment should not be carry out. Fama and French model is an extension of CAPM, where there is value factor added to market risk factor, and there is a high return taking into account the high risk. Fama and French model has two additional factors than CAPM, and the idea is that by including these additional factors, the model itself change for a better performance, which is though consider to be a better tool for evaluating the performance. Conclusions and recommendations In conclusion, investing in securities is an investment that has on it risk and eventually reward in the future. Technical analysis are less time consuming and try to catch the returns by looking at trends of a security, while fundamental analyses are more time consuming and predicts the returns on a long term period. Capital Asset Pricing Model and Fama and French Model are pretty close to each other which try to predict the future value by equaling the expected returns of a security to the risk of the investment. As the best technique which is recommended by many researchers in order to predict the future value of an asset are the technical analyses in combination with CAPM and Fama and French Model.